European Financial Regulations at a Glance
A reference for the frameworks and supervisors European regulated firms answer to.
Key EU Frameworks
These frameworks provide a harmonised European regulatory environment, enforced locally by national authorities.
MiFID II / MiFIR
Rules for investment firms, brokers, and trading venues ensuring transparency and investor protection.
UCITS & AIFMD
Oversight of funds and alternative investment managers, covering risk, governance, and reporting.
Solvency II
Capital and risk standards for insurers and reinsurers.
PSD2
Secure payments and fintech regulation for banks, payment institutions, and e-money providers.
CRD/CRR
Capital and liquidity rules for banks and credit institutions.
IORP II
Governance and risk management standards for occupational pension schemes.
MiCA
Regulation of crypto-asset service providers and stablecoins.
EMIR
Transparency and risk controls for derivatives and clearinghouses.
AMLD
Anti-money laundering rules across all financial institutions.
DORA
Digital operational resilience requirements for financial entities, including ICT risk management, incident reporting and third-party risk.
NIS2
Cybersecurity and incident-reporting obligations for essential and important entities across the EU.
SFDR
Sustainability-related disclosure requirements for financial market participants and advisers.
National Regulators Directory
A comprehensive reference of financial supervisory authorities across Europe.
France
